Application of GRACE Satellites to Evaluate Climate versus Human Impacts on Water Resources in Major U.S. Aquifers
时间：2020年10月8日（周四）上午 10:00-11:00
线下报告地点：天津大学卫津路校区第16教学楼221报告厅
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嘉宾：Bridget R. Scanlon（美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校教授；美国工程院院士）
嘉宾简介：
主要从事地下水补给、地下水和溶质运移数值模拟、含水层中氮污染等研究。在Nature及其子刊、PNAS、GRL、WRR等期刊上发表400余篇SCI文章，文章引用约18000次。
报告摘要：
There is considerable concern about water depletion caused by climate extremes (droughts and floods) and human water use in the U.S. and globally. Major U.S. aquifers provide an ideal laboratory to assess water storage changes from GRACE satellites because the aquifers are intensively monitored and modeled. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relative impacts of climate forcing and human water use in major U.S. aquifers using GRACE satellite data and examine approaches towards sustainable water resources management. We quantified changes in total water and groundwater storage from GRACE satellites over 2002 – 2017 in 14 major U.S. aquifers and compared GRACE data with groundwater level monitoring and regional and global modeling results.
The results were somewhat surprising, showing stable or rising long-term trends in the majority of aquifers with large scale depletion limited to agricultural areas in the semi-arid southwest and southcentral U.S. GRACE total water storage in the California Central Valley and Central/Southern High Plains aquifers, was depleted by drought and amplified by groundwater irrigation, totaling ~70 km3 (2002–2017), about 2× the capacity of Lake Mead. In the Pacific Northwest and Northern High Plains aquifers, lower drought intensities were partially dampened by conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater for irrigation and managed aquifer recharge, increasing water storage by up to 22 km3 over the 15 yr period. GRACE-derived total water storage changes in the remaining aquifers were stable or slightly rising throughout the rest of the U.S. Water storage changes were controlled primarily by climate extremes and amplified or dampened by human water use, primarily irrigation.
Intercomparing GRACE, traditional hydrologic monitoring, and modeling data underscores the importance of considering all data sources to constrain groundwater storage. GRACE satellite data have critical implications for many nationally important aquifers, highlighting the importance of conjunctively using surface-water and groundwater and managed aquifer recharge to enhance sustainable development.
