报告一：土壤温室气体排放及其对气候变化的响应
主讲嘉宾：邹建文教授（南京农业大学）
报告时间：2018年12月17日（周一）上午 9:00-10:00
报告地点：天津大学第16教学楼221室
报告简介：大气二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮等温室气体浓度升高是全球变化的主要驱动因子，其中二氧化碳贡献最大。土壤是陆地生态系统最大的碳库，大气二氧化碳浓度升高能促进陆地生态系统光合产物积累，增加土壤碳储量，形成固碳效应。同时，大气二氧化碳浓度升高会增加陆地生态系统甲烷和氧化亚氮等温室气体排放，加剧温室效应。因此，在大气二氧化碳浓度升高背景下，如何准确评估固碳效应与温室效应成为一个科学难题。近年来，我们在陆地生态系统土壤碳氮过程及温室气体排放过程与机制、农田碳氮温室气体排放通量同步原位观测方法学与应用、土壤温室气体排放总量的模型估算及减排对策、以及农业应对气候变化等方面开展了研究，揭示陆地生态系统碳氮过程对大气二氧化碳浓度升高的响应强度及其驱动机制，对科学评估陆地生态系统对气候变化的反馈效应提供了重要科学依据。
嘉宾简介：南京农业大学土壤学和美国莱斯大学（Rice University）生态学双博士学位，南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院副院长，二级教授，博士生导师，国家杰出青年科学基金获得者。主要从事陆地表层碳氮过程与全球变化研究。已在Ecology Letters, Global Change Biology, Environmental Science & Technology, Journal of Ecology, Global Change Biology Bioenergy等发表论文近100篇。研究成果先后获全国优秀博士学位论文奖，教育部自然科学二等奖和江苏省科技一等奖（排名第二），以及农业部科技创新团队奖（排名第四）。先后入选教育部新世纪人才、江苏特聘教授、江苏省333工程第二层次人才、科技部和国家“万人计划”科技领军人才等人才计划。兼任Scientific Reports、Heliyon、资源科学等期刊编委，中国土壤学会理事、中国土壤学会青年工作委员会主任，江苏省土壤学会副理事长，江苏省低碳农业与温室气体减排重点实验室主任，教育部科技委农林学部委员等学术职务。兼任中国农工民主党江苏省委员会委员、省委人资环专委会主任，江苏省政协委员、提案工作委员会委员。
报告二:Insights into ecosystem functioning from global databases of plant, soil, and fungal nitrogen isotopes
主讲嘉宾：Erik A. Hobbie教授 (University of New Hampshire, USA)
报告时间：2018年12月17日（周一）上午 10:00-11:00
报告地点：天津大学第16教学楼221室
报告简介：Global datasets of ecosystem parameters have produced numerous insights into what controls ecosystem function across broad gradients of climate and vegetation. Here, we compared datasets of nitrogen isotopes and concentrations in plants, soil, and fungi to examine whether they responded to similar factors. Climate (precipitation and temperature) was a primary driver of plant nitrogen isotopes whereas mycorrhizal type and nitrogen-fixing ability were primary drivers of plant nitrogen concentrations. In ectomycorrhizal fungi, functional attributes were more important than climatic drivers in controlling nitrogen isotopes, in part because of the relatively small climate space where ectomycorrhizal fungi have been collected, whereas nitrogen concentrations appeared to integrate site nitrogen availability. Location (continent) and its interaction with other parameters were also important factors for both nitrogen concentrations and isotopes in plants and soils. Continents integrate numerous processes that may not be directly included in databases, including weathering patterns, glaciation history, and nitrogen deposition. In large databases, numerous parameters and their interactions may be statistically significant but challenging to explain. Such analyses are important however for generating useful hypotheses for mechanistic or site-specific studies.
嘉宾简介：1987获得耶鲁大学化学学士学位，1994年和1997年获得弗吉尼亚大学环境科学硕士学位和博士学位。就职于美国新罕布什尔大学生命科学与农业学院。主要研究方向为利用稳定同位素自然丰度来了解森林生态系统中的碳、氮循环以及菌根真菌在森林和苔原环境中的重要性。在New Phytologist, Glob Biogeochemical Cycle, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Functional Ecology, Frontiers in Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Oecologia等期刊发表论文100余篇，引用5000余次。
报告三：Common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs): Their concepts and eco physiological significance公共菌根网络(CMNS)：概念及其生理生态学意义
主讲嘉宾：何新华教授（西南大学）
报告时间：2018年12月17日（周一）上午 11:00-12:00
报告地点：天津大学第16教学楼221室
报告简介：Plants make biomass from sunlight and carbon, but their roots often cannot access enough other nutrients for this. Symbiotic fungi can extract nutrients from soil, but cannot assimilate carbon. Plants and fungi collaborate mutualistically to form mycorrhization, the fungi gaining photosynthetically-fixed C from plants and pumping soil nutrients into the plants in return. To demonstrate significant implications and future directions for addressing interplant movement and cycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems, interplant carbon and nitrogen in particular, the extent, function, and importance of common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) will be discussed. Approximately 90% higher plants are able to symbiotically associate with 6,000 species of soil mycorrhizal fungi to form beneficial mycorrhizas (fungal roots), which play vital roles in better soil structure, plant nutrition and performance. Moreover, individual species, genera, even families of belowground plant roots could be interconnected by a single mycelium or multi-mycorrhizal mycelia to form CMNs, which provide pathways for exchange or transfer of nutrients/water or even genetic materials from one plant to another. The CMNs are potentially woven into an ever-present larger ‘wood-wide-web' (a cover word was coined by Nature, Vol. 388, 8 January 1997) network to facilitate interplant water and nutrient exchange and hence to maintain both plant and fungal biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability.
嘉宾简介：澳大利亚西澳大学植物生物学系/地球与环境系研究员, 西南大学外籍特聘教授、土壤生物学研究中心主任。主要科研方向为植物氮/碳生理生态、土壤-真菌-植物相互作用、土壤有益微生物和碳氮磷钾积累对环境变化响应与耕地保育及地力提升等。在菌根真菌促进植物间双向氮素传递、改善土壤团聚体结构、提高土壤碳氮积累与植物抗逆(盐旱)能力、C3和C4作物氮素利用效率等方面获得重要结果, 提出若干标志性新见解。在Agr Sust Develop, Agri Ecosyst Environ, Agri For Meteorol, Biol Fert Soils, Biogeosciences, Glob Biogeochem Cy, Nature Commu, Nature Geosci, New Phytologist, Plant Soil, SBB, SSAJ, Trends Ecol & Evol, Trends Plant Sci, Tree Physiol等期刊发表论文160余篇，论文被引3,000余次，H指数30，ScienceDirect网络阅读59,000次。
